Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires

• Antonino Foti,
• Francesco Barreca,
• Enza Fazio,
• Cristiano D’Andrea,
• Paolo Matteini,
• Onofrio Maria Maragò and
• Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2718–2729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.254

• liquid surface. Both electrodes are dipped 5 mm below the air–liquid interface (Figure 1b). The etching process is inspected with a stereo microscope (Figure 1d) mounted with a CCD camera (Thorlabs). The etching is carried out in two steps as depicted in Figure 1a–c and shown in Supporting Information

• File 2. When we immerse the gold wire in the ethanol–HCl solution we observe the formation of a meniscus at the metal–air–liquid interface, due to capillary forces (Figure 2a) [47]. A pre-etching step of the gold wire is performed at a voltage V1 = 5 VDC for a time t1 = 15–20 s (Figure 2b) and permits

• crooked or blunt tip. The second etching step is carried out by lowering the DC voltage in the 2.1–2.3 V range (Figure 2c). No bubbling occurs under these conditions. The tip slowly forms at the air–liquid interface, with an etching rate δd/δt ≈ 0.5–1.5 μm/s depending on the exact voltage applied (the

Influence of calcium on ceramide-1-phosphate monolayers

• Joana S. L. Oliveira,
• Gerald Brezesinski,
• Alexandra Hill and
• Arne Gericke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 236–245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.22

• -defined pH environment. For that purpose, we used monomolecular films of C1P at the soft air/liquid interface with calcium ions in the subphase. The pH was varied to change the protonation degree of the C1P head group. We used surface pressure versus molecular area isotherms coupled with other monolayer

Conformational switching of ethano-bridged Cu,H₂-bis-porphyrin induced by aromatic amines

• Simona Bettini,
• Emanuela Maglie,
• Rosanna Pagano,
• Victor Borovkov,
• Yoshihisa Inoue,
• Ludovico Valli and
• Gabriele Giancane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2154–2160, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.221

• characterized at the air/water interface and transferred by means of the LS method onto a gold SPR substrate for the detection of aromatic amines in water. Results and Discussion Air/liquid interface characterization Cu,H2-Por2 was dissolved in chloroform at a concentration of 1.3·10−4 M and the UV–vis spectrum

• /liquid interface of a Langmuir trough. The floating film was characterized both on the ultrapure water subphase and on the subphase containing different amine solutions. The surface pressure vs area per molecule curve was influenced by the presence of aromatic amines, and in particular aniline, in the

• . However, the injection of phenol solutions (up to 0.01 M) did not induce any detectable shift in the plasmon peak of the SPR sample. Conclusion In this study, an ethano-bridged bis-porphyrin with a free-base ring and a copper metallated ring was dissolved in a chloroform solution and spread at the air

Pulmonary surfactant augments cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles: Studies on an in vitro air–blood barrier model

• Jennifer Y. Kasper,
• Lisa Feiden,
• Maria I. Hermanns,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Michael Maskos,
• Ronald E. Unger and
• C. James Kirkpatrick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 517–528, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.54

• cytotoxicity of aSNP-surfactant interaction on cell cultures kept on the air–liquid interface (ALI). On ALI the epithelial cells develop a physiological surfactant monolayer as it occurs in vivo. Prospectively, the results are relevant for the field of regenerative medicine, in which nanoparticles could be

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) on top on the apical side and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) underneath on the basal side. This 3D co-culture system was further cultivated at the air–liquid interface to approximate the in vivo situation in the lungs [128]. Although essential parts are missing

• culture conditions, a specifically designed exposure system was employed which allows the nebulization of a defined nanoparticle suspension onto the cells at the air–liquid interface (ALI), mimicking the inhalation of nanoparticles (Figure 16). This air–liquid interface cell exposure (ALICE) system has

• addition, the exposures were also different and carried out once at the air–liquid interface, once in submerged conditions, and once through instillation. In the latter two methods, the determination of the exact dose deposited per area is not possible. Nevertheless, one observation is similar, namely that

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• dose often remains unknown. Moreover, the cellular responses to NPs under submerged culture conditions might differ from those observed at physiological settings at the air–liquid interface. Results: In order to avoid problems because of an altered behaviour of the nanoparticles in cell culture medium

• dependent on the exposure method. Keywords: aerosol; air–liquid interface; dose; silica nanoparticles; toxicity; Introduction Amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are regarded as only little pathogenic. However, it has been shown that the inhalation of silica NPs induces transient inflammation in rats [1][2

• collection and resuspension in medium may change their physico-chemical properties and the particle dose delivered to the cells under submerged conditions is often unclear due to differences in agglomeration and sedimentation of suspended NPs. In vitro experiments at the air–liquid interface (ALI) are

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• cells, human peripheral blood monocyte derived dendritic and macrophage cells) together with an air–liquid interface cell exposure (ALICE) system was used in order to reflect a real-life exposure scenario. Cells were exposed at the air–liquid interface (ALI) to 0.03, 0.3, and 3 µg Ag/cm2 of Ag NPs

• -derived macrophages (MDMs) and dendritic cells (MDDCs) [39]. The model is reflecting a realistic cellular scenario in the lung, as it is designed for direct exposure of cells to an aerosol [40]. Together with a dose-controlled air–liquid interface cell exposure (ALICE) system [41] the possible adverse

• study [44] we used polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated Ag NPs with a larger size. Those particles are well characterized and have been previously used in other studies [45][46]. In addition, the results between air–liquid interface (ALI) and submerged exposures to different concentrations were performed